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Subjective assessment and instrumental prediction of mobile online gaming on the basis of perceptual dimensions

Motivation

The assessment of the perceived quality of the user (Quality of Experience) of pure audio and video material differs in many ways from the quality of computer games. The later possess a variety of factors due to their interactive nature. Not only factors of complex and innovative game systems have an impact on the QoE, but also the players themselves. A quality judgment, that results by comparing the expected and perceived composition of an entity, depends highly on the preferences, expectations and abilities of the player.

In this still young area of research standard methods for determining the QoE are not directly applicable. This is apparent since in a task oriented human-computer interaction the goal should be achieved with minimal effort. However in a game  the player exerts an effort in order to influence the outcome and thereby feels emotionally attached. Thus new concepts such as immersion and flow, a state of happiness while being in an equilibrium between competence and challenge, appear.

An analysis of the gaming market shows, that the proportion of mobile games has risen sharply in recent years. Mobile games are special in a sense that mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets were originally not designed for games and are therefore not optimally adapted to them. This also applies to the new concept of cloud gaming, where the entire game is executed on a server and only the video and audio material is transferred to the end user.

 

Aim of the project

The aim of this research project is to develop methods to assess the QoE of mobile games. In addition, based on a database containing subjective quality judgments, a model similar to the well known E-model should be constructed to predict the QoE. The following concrete steps are planned for this purpose:

  • Set up and modification of a testbed for conducting experiments including a cloud gaming system for mobile games
  • Development of a classification of games to choose representative games and identify system and user factors
  • Building a questionnaire covering a large space of relevant quality dimensions
  • Identification of quality-relevant perceptual dimensions and analysis of their impact on the overall quality
  • Analyzing the performance of current objective metrics which were proposed for different contents and services in mobile gaming
  • Building a QoE model based on game, system and network characteristics as well as user and context factors
Time Frame: 
01/2016 - 06/2019
T-labs Team Members:
Steven Schmidt [1]
Funding by:
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
Project Number:
MO 1038/21-1

List of Publications

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Kojic, Tanja and Voigt-Antons, Jan-Niklas and Schmidt, Steven and Tetzlaff, Lukas and Kortowski, Bruno and Sirotina, Uliana and Möller, Sebastian (2018). Influence of Virtual Environments and Conversations on User Engagement During Multiplayer Exergames [10]. 2018 Tenth International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX). IEEE, 1–3.

Möller, Sebastian and Schmidt, Steven and Zadtootaghaj, Saman (2018). New ITU-T Standards for Gaming QoE Evaluation and Management [11]. 2018 Tenth International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX). IEEE, 1–6.

Mowlaei, Sajad and Schmidt, Steven and Zadtootaghaj, Saman and Möller, Sebastian (2018). Know your Game: A bottom-up Approach for Gaming Research [12]. 2018 Tenth International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX). IEEE, 1–3.

Zadtootaghaj, Saman and Schmidt, Steven and Barman, Nabajeet and Möller, Sebastian and Martini, Maria G. (2018). A Classification of Video Games based on Game Characteristics linked to Video Coding Complexity [13]. 16th Annual Workshop on Network and Systems Support for Games (NetGames). IEEE, 1–6.

Barman, Nabajeet and Schmidt, Steven and Zadtootaghaj, Saman and Martini, Maria G. and Möller, Sebastian (2018). GamingVideoSET: A Dataset for Gaming Video Streaming Applications [14]. 16th Annual Workshop on Network and Systems Support for Games (NetGames). IEEE, 1–6.

Barman, Nabajeet and Schmidt, Steven and Zadtootaghaj, Saman and Martini, Maria G. and Möller, Sebastian (2018). An Evaluation of Video Quality Assessment Metrics for Passive Gaming Video Streaming [15]. Proceedings of the 23rd Packet Video Workshop. ACM, 1–6.

Sabet, Saeed Shafiee and Griwodz, Carsten and Schmidt, Steven and Zadtootaghaj, Saman and Möller, Sebastian (2018). Towards Applying Game Adaptation to Decrease the Impact of Delay on Quality of Experience [16]. IEEE ISM 2018 – The 20th IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia. IEEE, 1–6.

Schmidt, Steven and Zadtootaghaj, Saman and Schiffner, Falk and Möller, Sebastian and Shafiee Sabet, Saeed and Griwodz, Carsten and Barman, Nabajeet and Martini, Maria G. (2018). Data Assessment for an Opinion Model Predicting Gaming QoE (G.OMG) [17]. , 1–16.

Zadtootaghaj, Saman and Barman, Nabajeet and Martini, Maria G. and Schmidt, Steven and Möller, Sebastian (2018). NR-GVQM: A No Reference Gaming Video Quality Metric [18]. IEEE ISM 2018 – The 20th IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia. IEEE, 1–6.

Zadtootaghaj, Saman and Schmidt, Steven and Utke, Markus and Möller, Sebastian and Barman, Nabajeet and Martini, Maria G. and Shafiee Sabet, Saeed and Griwodz, Carsten (2018). Evaluation of Standardized Video Quality Models for Assessing Video Quality of Cloud Gaming Services [19]. , 1–14.

Schmidt, Steven and Zadtootaghaj, Saman and Utke, Markus and Möller, Sebastian and Barman, Nabajeet and Martini, Maria G. and Shafiee Sabet, Saeed and Griwodz, Carsten (2019). First Draft for an Opinion Model Predicting Gaming QoE (G.OMG) [20]. , 1–21.

Kojic, Tanja and Schmidt, Steven and Möller, Sebastian and Voigt-Antons, Jan-Niklas (2019). Influence of Network Delay in Virtual Reality Multiplayer Exergames: Who is actually delayed? [21]. 2019 Eleventh International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX). IEEE, 1–3.

Sabet, Saeed and Schmidt, Steven and Griwodz, C. and Möller, Sebastian (2019). Towards the Impact of Gamers' Adaptation to Delay Variation on Gaming Quality of Experience [22]. 2019 Eleventh International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX). IEEE, 1–6.

Regal, Georg and Voigt-Antons, Jan-Niklas and Schmidt, Steven and Schrammel, Johann and Kojić, Tanja and Tscheligi, Manfred and Möller, Sebastian (2019). Questionnaires embedded in virtual environments: reliability and positioning of rating scales in virtual environments [23]. Quality and User Experience. Springer, 1–13.

Naderi, Babak and Schmidt, Steven and Zadtootaghaj, Saman and Möller, Sebastian (2019). Draft text for P.CROWDG Recommendation Subjective Evaluation of Gaming Quality with a Crowdsourcing Approach [24]. , 1–11.

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